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COURSE OF INFANT AND PRESCHOOL PSYCHIATRY
Academic year 1999-2000
Instructors.   Martin Maldonado,  M.D.., Charles Milhuff, D.O., Linda Helmig , Ph D and other invited clinicians .
 

The course will take place on Tuesdays, from 1:00 PM to 2:20 PM .Conference Room
Site. Community Service Office, Menninger Clinic.
234 Kansas Avenue. Topeka.  Tel. 232 7214

 Session 1.  September 7, 1999.
WHAT IS INFANT PSYCHIATRY?

EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES

1) To  identify the distinctive features of  infant psychaitry from general psychiatry
2) Conceptualize the interactive nature of symptoms in infancy
3) Identify the main disturbances  encompassed by infant psychiatry

Suggested Reading:
Minde, K. and Benoit, D. Infant Psychiatry: Its Relevance for the General Psychiatrist. British  Journal of Psychiatry, 1991, Vol 159. pp. 173-184
or

Zeanah, C.H.  Psychopathology in Infancy.  Journal of  Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 1997. Vol. 38. No. 1. 81-99

Or

Lipsitt, L. P.Learning and Emotion in Infants. Pediatrics 1998  Vol. 102: e1262
 

Session 2.  September 14 1999
CLINICAL EVALUATION OF INFANTS

Educational Objectives.
1) Participants will  identify components of the evaluation: of child, of parent, of relationship, culture and psychosocial stressors
2) Participants will assess clinical phenomena in their developmental and social context.
3) Understand the interdiscplinary nature of evaluations.

Suggested references:

Flehmig,  Inge. Normal Infant Development and Borderline Deviations. Early Diagnosis and Therapy. 1992.Georg Thieme Verlag.
(describes development from one to 18 months, emphasizing techniques of assessment of  motor development, language, posture, sensory functions, etc. month by month. An easy reference to have at hand )

Greenspan, Stanley.  Developmental and Emotional Assessment. in Development and Behavior. The  Very Young Child. Pediatric Clinics of North America. Vol. 38. No. 6. December 1991

Session 3. September 21. 1999
THE DIAGNOSTIC CLASSIFICATION FOR INFANT MENTAL DISORDERS.  ZERO TO THREE CLASSIFICATION.

Educational objectives
1) To understand the multiaxial nature of the classification, and what is encompassed by each axis
2 ) To conceptualize the diagnostic hierarchy in the classification

3) To become familiar with the assessment of relationships with the PIR GAS scale

Suggested Reading.

Zero to Three Diagnostic Classification. 1994. National Center for Clinical Infant Programs.

Session 4. September 28, 1999
ASSESSMENT OF THE PRESCHOOL AGE CHILD.

Educational objectives.
1) To enumerate the components of assessment of the individual child ( language, relatedness, fine motor skills, gross motor skills,  play patterns, emotionality )
2) To become familiar with the main manifestations of disorders in preschool children
3) To  describe  som clincal.  assessment tools and methods

Suggested Reading :
Knobloch, H.  36 Months. in Manual of Developmental Diagnosis. pp.109-119.  Harper and Row Publishers, 1980
 
Egan, D.  The Miniature Toys Test. Chapter 10 in Developmental Examination   of Infants and Preschool Children. pp. 75-82.  Clinics in Developmental Medicine, No 112. Blackwell Scientific Publications 1990.

Session 5. October 5, 1999
OVERVIEW OF MENTAL AND BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS IN
 PRESCHOOL CHILDREN.

Emotional Disturbances, Externalization   Disorders,    Developmental Disorders. Epidemiological Studies and correlations

EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES
1) Identify the prevalence of behavioral/emotional disturbances in prschoolers
2) Recognize the long lasting nature of behavioral difficulties in preschool children
3) Identify the main factors correlated with behavioral disturbances in this age group
 
Suggested reading.

Lavigne, J..V., Binns, H.J., Christoffel, K.K., Rosenbaum,D., Arend, R., Smith, K., Hayford, J.R., McGuire, P.A. Pediatric Practice Research Group: Behavioral and Emotional Problems  among Preschool Children in Pediatric Primary Care: Prevalence and Pediatrician´s Recognition.  Pediatrics, 1993. Vol. 91. 649- 655

 or

Campbell, S.  Behaviour problems in preschool  children.: A review of recent research.  J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 1995. 36. 113-149 .

or

 Maldonado-Durán, M., Sauceda-Garcia, J.M.,  Jasso-Gutierrez, L.  El pediatra y la salud mental del preescolar ( Pediatricians and the mental health of preschool children ). Boletin  Médico del   Hospital  Infantil de  Mexico, 1995 :51. No. 10. 596-605.

Section on therapeutic techniques.

Session 6.  October12,1999
THERAPEUTIC USE OF PLAY

Educational objectives.

1) To understand the normal function of play in the young child
2) To conceptualize the use of play in helping emotional problems in early childhood
3) Understand the technique of floor time in  improving parent/child relationships.

Suggested  reading.

Greenspan, S.L.  Floor Time: Different Types of Children ( Shy, Withdrawn,   Angry, Distractible, Negative, Concrete, Clinging). Chapter 16 of : Infancy and  Early Childhood.  International Universities Press. 1992. pp. 501-542.
 

Session 7.  October 19, 1999
INTRODUCTION TO PARENT INFANT PSYCHOTHERAPY
Description of the main components of parent/ infant psychotherapy.

Educational objectives.
1) Understand the theoretical concepts behind the Geneva School of parent infant psychotehrapy
2) Become familiar with the  concept of fantasmatic interaction
3) Understand the use of  interpretations in this therapeutic modality

Suggested Reading.
Stern, Daniel N. The Motherhood Constellation . A Unified View of Parent-Infant Psychotherapy. Chapters 8 and 9. ( Approaches That Aim to Change the Parent's Representations. Approaches That Aim to Change the Interactive Behaviors. ).1995. Basic Books. New York.

Or

Stern, D. Mothers' Emotional Needs Pediatrics 1998 Vol. 102: e1250
 

Session 8.  October 26. 1999
INTRODUCTION TO INFANT PARENT PSYCHOTHERAPY.

Educational objectives.
1)  To understand the indications for this type of therapy
2)  To become familiar with the therapeutic tools of this therapy
3) To identify the situations where this modality should be used.

Suggested reading.

Lieberman, Alicia .Infant-Parent Psychotherapy with Toddlers. Development and Psychopathology.  1992. Vol. 4. pp.559-574

or

Lieberman, A.,Silverman R., Pawl, J.H.. Infant-Parent Psychotherapy. Core concepts and Current Approaches. In:  Zeanah, C.H. Jr. (ed.) Handbook of Infant Mental Health. 2nd. Edition 2000 The Guilford Press. pp.472-484.
 

Session 9.  November 2, 1999.
ORGANIC BRAIN CONDITIONS IN INFANTS AND PRESCHOOL
CHILDREN

EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES
1)Identify the main conditions that affect infants/preschool children and cause behavioral disturbances
2) Conceptualize the relationship between brain dysfunction and behavior
3) Clarify the risk of misidentifying an organic condition with reactions to stress
Suggested Reading:

Goodman, Robert. Brain Abnormalities and Psychological Development. In.  Hay, D.F., and Angold A. (eds) . Precursors and Causes in Development and Psychopathology. John Wiley and Sons, 1993. pp. 51-86

or

Goodman, R. Brain Disorders. Chapter 11 in: Rutter, M:,  Taylor, E., Hersov, L., Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Blackwell Scientific Publications. 1994. pp. 172-190

or

Maldonado-Durán, J.M.,  Mandler, S.,  Katz, D. Observations about the Zero to Three Classification of Mental Health and Developmental Disorders Of Infancy and Early Childhood. . Unpublished manuscript., submitted. To be distributed.
 

Session 10.  November 9, 1999.
DISORDERS OF RELATING AND COMMUNICATING. MULTISYSTEM DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER AND  PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS. EARLY DIAGNOSIS AND INTERVENTION.

EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES
1)Identify the importance of early diagnosis of these disorders
2)Clarify the main signs and behavioral manifestations of these developmental deviations
3)Conceptualize the main ingredients in their treatment

Readings.
 

Zero to Three Classification of Mental Health and Developmental Disorders Of Infancy and Early Childhood. 1994. National Center for Clinical Infant Programs..  Section on Disorders of Relating and Communicating. pp. 40-45

or

Gillberg, C. Autism and Pervasive Developmental Disorders. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. Vol. 31, No. 1. pp 99-119.

or

Klin, Ami, and Volkmar Fred.R. Autism and the Pervasive Developmental Disorders.
Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America.  1995. Vol. 4 No. 3 pp.  pp. 617-630

or

Wing, Lorna. Asperger Syndrome. A clinical Account. Psychological Medicine, 1981. Vol 11. pp. 115-129. ( Historical value)

 
Session 11. November 16, 1999
REGULATORY DISORDERS.

EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES
1) Learn the main diagnostic features of regulatory disturbances
2)Identify their correlation with temperamental and physiological variables
3) Puntualize the elements involved in their treatment

Suggested Reading.

Barton, M.L., Robins, D. . Regulatory Disorders. In Handbook of Infant Mental Health. Zeanah, C.H. (ed.). The Guilford Press, 2000.pp 311-325.

or

Greenspan, S. Regulatory Disorders. In: Greenspan, S.L.  Infancy and Early Childhood. 1992. International Universities Press. 601-38
 

DeGangi, G. A. (1991) Assessment of  Sensory, Emotional  and Attentional Problems in Regulatory Disordered Infants. Infants and Young Children. Vol. 3 (3). pp. 1-8
or

DeGangi, G.A. ( 1991). Treamtent of Sensory, Emotional and Attentional problems in Regulatory Disordered Infants. Infants and Young Children. Vol. 3 (3). pp. 9-19.
 

Session 12. November 23, 1999
CLUMSINESS AND COORDINATION DISORDER
(In collaboration with Ms. Jill Glinka OT)

EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES
1)Identify the prevalence of these conditions in young children
2)Learn to identify the main manifestations of these conditions
3)Identify theprinciples involved with their treatment

Landsown, Richard. The Clumsy Child. in Richman N., and Landsown, R., Problems of Preschool Children. John Wiley and Sons. 1988. pp.75-82

or

Gillberg, C. Deficits in attention, motor control and perception, and other syndromes attributed to minimal brain dysfunction.  In:  Gillberg, C. Clinical Child Neuropsychiatry. 1995. Cambridge University Press.138-166.

or

Losse, A., Henderson, S.E., Elliman, D., Hall, D., Knight, E., Jongmans, M.
Clumsiness in Children. Do they Grow Out of It ?. A 10 year Follow-Up Study.in Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology. Vol 33,  1991. pp. 55-68.
 

Session 13. November 30, 1999
LANGUAGE DISORDERS. SPEECH  DISORDERS

EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES
1)Identify the distinctions between  receptive, expressive languag and  phonological, pragmatic and  syntatic or semantic disturbances
2) Learn the main tools to diagnose language disorders
3)Identify situations where specialized therapy is necessary

Bishop, D.V.M., Developmental Disorders of Speech and Language. in: Rutter M., Taylor, E., Hersov L., Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1994. pp. 546-568 ( the best of the three )
 
or
 
Bishop, D., and Rosenbloom, L.  Childhood Language Disorders. Classification and Overview. In  Language Development and Disorders, Edited by Yule W.  and Rutter, M.. Clinics in Developmental Medicine No 101-102. Blackwell Scientific Publications Ltd. 1987. pp. 16-40.

or

Allen D. A., Rapin I., Wiznitzer, M. , Communication Disorders of Preschool
Children. The Physician´s Responsibility. Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics Vol 9, No 3., June 1988. pp. 164-169.
 

Or
 

Temple, C. Language Disorders . Developmental Cognitive Neuropsychology. 1997 . East Sussex, U.K. Psychology Press Publishers.27-82

Session 14.  December 7, 1999
OPPOSITIONAL DEFIANT DISORDER.

EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES
1) Identify the main clinical  characteristics of oppositional  disorders
2)Elucidate factors that  have been found associated with its causation
3) Identify parenting strategies suitable to deal with oppositional behavior

Greenspan. S. The Defiant Child. In:  Greenspan, S.I.  The Challenging Child. 1995. Addison Wesley Publishing Company. 124-164.

or

Minde, K. Aggression in Preschoolers: Its Relation to Socialization.  Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Vol 31:5. Sept. 1992. pp. 853-86.

or

Schachar, R., and Wachsmuth, R. Oppositional Disorder in Children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry.1990.  Vol 31. No. 7. pp.1089-1102,

Session 15. December 14, 1999
PARENTING OF INFANTS.

EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES
1) Identify the main components of adequate parenting
2) Conceptualize intuitive parenting
3) Enumerate  developmental tasks for the family with a new baby

Suggested Readings

Papousek, H., Papousek, M.  Beyond Emotional Bonding.The Role of Preverbal Communication in Mental Growth and Health. Infant Mental Health Journal. 1992. Vol. 13. No. 1. pp. 43-53

or

Papousek, H., and Papousek, M. Intuitive Parenting: A Dialectic Counterpart fo the Infant's Integrative Competence.  in. Osofsky, Joy D. (ed.). Handbook of Infant Development. 1987. Wiley Series on Personality Processes. 669-720

or
Papousek, H. , Papousek, M. ( 1995) . Intuititive Parenting. In: Bornstein, M.H. ( editor) Handbook of Parenting. Vol 2. Biology and  Ecology of Parenting. Mahwah, New Jersey. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 117- 136.

December 21. No class
December 28 No class

Session 16.  January 4, 2000

PARENTING THE PRESCHOOL AGE CHILD.

EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES
1) Define the  challenges of parenting preschool age children
2) Distinguish normal difficult behaviors from symptomatic ones
3) Describe features of parenting necessary to deal with preschool children

Suggested readings.

Howard, Barbara J. Discipline in Early Childhood .Development and Behavior. The very Young Child. Pediatric Clinics of North America .1991.Vol 38. No. 3 pp 1351-1369 ( the best article of the three )

or

 Douglas, Jo. Positive Parenting. in Behavioural Problems in  Preschool Children.  Routledge,  Tavistock 1989 pp. 36-47.

  or

 McAuley, R. Counselling Parents in Child Behavior Therapy.  Archives of                              Disease in Childhood.

or

Mrazek, D.A., Mrazek, P., Klinnert, M. Clinical Assessment of Parenting. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1995. Vol. 34. No. 3. pp. 727-282.

or

Budd, K.S., Holdsworth, M. J.  Issues in clinical Assessment of Minimal Parenting Competence.  Journal of Clinical Child Psychology. 1995. Vol. 25. No. 1. pp-2-14.
 

Session 17. January 11, 2000.
RELATIONSHIP DISORDERS IN INFANCY AND EARLY CHILDHOOD

EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES
1)Describe methods to assess the quality of parent / infant relationship
2) Identify main types of  relationship disorders
3) Describe main elements in treatment of these  situations

Axis II. Relationship Disorder Classification. .Zero to Three Classification of Mental Health and Developmental Disorders Of Infancy and Early Childhood. 1994. National Center for Clinical Infant Programs.pp 49-55

or

Anders, Thomas F. ,Clinical Syndromes, Relationship Disturbances and Their Assessment.  In. Sameroff,  A.J., and Emde,R.N.( eds) Relationship Disturbances in Early Childhood. 1989. N.Y. Basic Books. pp. 125-144

or

Lamour, M., Barraco, M. (1995) Perturbations précoces  des interactions parents-nourrison et construction de la vie psychique. Le jeune enfant face a une mere psychotique. Psychiatrie de l´enfant Vol. XXXVIII. Fascicule 2. 1995. 529-554.

Session 18. January 18, 2000
REACTIVE ATTACHMENT DISORDERS. INHIBITED AND             DISINHIBITED TYPES

EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES
1) Identify the main causal factors leading to disturbances in attachment
2) Describe additional types of attachment disturbances
3) Dilucidate main methods of  prevention and treatment

Suggested Reading.
 Zeanah, C.H., Emde, R.N.  Attachment Disorders in Infancy and Childhood.  in.  Child and Adolescent Psychiatry . Rutter, M., Taylor E., Hersov L. (eds.).Blackwell Scientific Publications. 1994. pp.490.504

or

Lieberman, A.F., Zeanah,C.H.  Disorders of Attachment in Infancy. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America. 1995. Vol. 4. No. 3. pp.571-588
 

Session 19 January 25, 2000
NEGLECT AND ABUSE OF INFANTS.

EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES
1) Identify the main factors associated with neglect and abuse
2) Describe the effects on infants and young children
3) identify  symptomatic behaviors leading to identification of the problem

Mrazek, Patricia. Abuse and Neglect of Infants. in :Handbook of Infant Mental Health. Zeanah, C.H. (ed.). The Guilford Press, 1993.

or

Farrel Erickson, M., Egeland B., Pianta R. , The Effects of Maltreatment on the  Development of Young Children. In:.  Cicchetti, D., and Carlson V., Eds. Child Maltreatment. Cambridge University Press. 1989. pp.  647-684
 

Session. 20 .  February 1, 2000
TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER

EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES
1) Enumerate features of the effects of trauma in the young child
2) Clarify the mimicking nature of this disorder vis a vis other disturbances
3)  Identify elements of treatment strategies

Suggested Reading.

Scheeringa, M.S., Gaensbauer, T.J.  Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. in Handbook of Infant Mental Health. Zeanah, C.H. (ed.). The Guilford Press,2000.pp.  369-381
or

Sheeringa,M.S.,  Zeanah, C.H. Symptom Expression and Trauma Variables in Children Under 48 Mnths of Age. Infant Mental Health Journal. 1995. Vol 16. No. 4. pp. 259-270.

or

Gaensbauer, T.J., Siegel,C.H. Therapeutic Approaches to Posttraumatic Stress Disorders in Infants and Toddlers. Infant Mental Health Journal. 1995. Vol. 16, No.4. pp. 292-305.
 

 Session 21. February 8, 2000
ABNORMAL SHYNESS AND  AVOIDANT DISORDER IN PRESCHOOLERS. SELECTIVE MUTISM.

EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES
1)  Identify temperamental characteristics of slow to warm up children
2) Clarify nature of  avoidant behavior and coping
3) Identify clinical features of  abnormal shyness and social  phobia

Stevenson-Hinde, J., Glover, A. Shy Girls and Boys: A New Look. J. Child Psychol Psychiatr.  1996. V. 37. No. 2. pp. 181-187

or

Asendorpf, J.B. Abnormal Shyness in Children. J Child Psychol Psychiatr. 1993. Vol. 34. No. 7. pp. 1069-1081.

or

Greenspan, S.I. The Highly Sensitive Child. In: Greenspan, S.I.  The Challenging Child. 1995. Addison Wesley Publishing Company. 29- 81.
 
 

Session 22, February 15, 2000
MOOD DISORDERS IN INFANTS AND PRESCHOOL CHILDREN. DEPRESSION IN INFANTS AND PRESCHOOLERS.  ( HYPOMANIA IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN? )

EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES
1) Discuss  controversies around  depression in infants
2) Clarify concept of anaclytic depression
3) Describe phenomenology of depression in infancy

Suggested readings.

Field, T. Models for reactive and chronic depression in infancy. In: Tronick, E.Z., Field, T. Maternal Depression and Infant Disturbance. New Directions for Child Development. No. 34. San Francisco. Jossey-Bass. Winter, 1986

or

Guedeney, A. La dépression  du nourrison: nécessité d¨une définition et d´une évaluation précises. Journal de Pédiatrie et de Puériculture. No.7. 1990. pp. 436-440

or

Harmon, R.J., Wagonfeld, S., Emde, R. Anaclitic Depression. A follow-up from Infancy to Puberty. The Psychoanalytic  Study of the Child
 

Session 23.  February 22,  2000
SLEEP DISTURBANCES AND THEIR TREATMENT.

EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES
1) Identify the main types of sleep disturbance in young children
2) Describe the normal development of sleep patterns
3) Clarify main intervention strategies for these problems

Suggested Reading,

Minde, Klaus. Sleep Disorders in Infants and Toddlers.  In. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America. 1995. Vol. 4. No. 3. pp. 589-604

or

Douglas, J.  Bedtime and Sleep  Problems. in  Behavior Problems in Young Children.   Tavistock Routledge 1989, pp.116-134.
 

Session 24. February  29, 2000
EXCESSIVE CRYING IN INFANTS.  PRIMARY EXCESSIVE CRYING AND COLIC.

EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES
1) Conceptualize crying in developmental perspective
2) Describe the main causes of excessive and persistent crying
3) Identify intervention strategies

Suggested Readings:

St. James-Roberts, I. Persistent Crying in Infancy. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 1989. Vol 30. No. 2. pp. 189-195

or

Barr, Ronald. The "Colic" Enigma. Prolonged Episodes of a Normal Predisposition to Cry. Infant Mental Health Journal. 1990. Vol 11. No. 4. pp. 340-348

or

Maldonado-Durán,  M.,  Sauceda-Garcia, J.M. . Excessive Crying and Regulatory Disorders in Infants. Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic.  1996. Vol. 60. No.1.  62-78.

Session 25.  March 7, 2000
THE FEEDING RELATIONSHIP. ALTERATIONS  IN FEEDING AND EATING.

EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES
1) Qualify nature of the feeding relationship in the context of parent/child relationship
2) Identify  challenges of feeding for parents and infants
3)Distinguish  ingredientes that  cnstitute a positive feeding relationship

Suggested Readings

Hoffman, Miguel J.  A Proposed Scheme for Coding Infant Initiatives During  Feeding
Infant Mental Health Journal. 1992. Vol 13. No. 3.  pp. 199-205

Hoffman, Miguel J. Making Space. Infant Mental Health Journal. 1995. Vol 16. No. 1. pp. 46-51
 

Session 26. March 14, 2000.
FAILURE TO THRIVE AND OTHER FEEDING  DISORDERS

EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES
1) Define the clinical characteristics of failure to thrive
2) Describe its epidemiological features
3)  Identify approaches to treatment.

Suggested Reading.
 
Ramsay, Maria.  Feeding Disorder and Failure to Thrive.  Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America.  1995. Vol. 4 No. 3 pp.  605-616
( the best  reference)

or

Douglas, J.  Eating  and Feeding Difficulties. In:  Behaviour Problems in Young Children.  Tavistock  Routledge,  1989. pp 67-93

or

Mayes, L.C. , Volkmar F.R. Nosology of Eating and Growth Disorders in Early Childhood.  Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America. Vol. 2. No. 1. 1993. pp 15-34.
 

Session 27. March 21, 2000
MATERNAL SUBSTANCE ABUSE , EFFECTS ON INFANTS.

EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES
1) Identify epidemiological nature of this problem in the US
2) Define main effects of different substances in the short term
3) Describe consequences for the infant in the long term
 
Suggested Reading:

Lester, B.M., Boukydis, C.F.Z. , Twomey, J.E. Maternal Substance Abuse and Child Outcome.  in Handbook of Infant Mental Health. Zeanah, C.H. (ed.). The Guilford Press, 2000. pp. 161-175

or

Gardner Cole, J. Intervention strategies for infants with prenatal drug exposure. Infants and Young Children, 1996. Vol. 8. No. 3. pp. 35-39.
 

March 28. 2000 No class. Spring Break.

Session 28. April 4, 2000
PREMATURITY AND EXPERIENCE OF NEONATAL INTENSIVE
CARE UNIT

EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES
1) Describe main adverse experiences for infants in the NICU
2) Identify risk factors for the parent and the staff
3) Describe intervention approaches for the infant and the parents.

 Suggested Reading.

 Minde,K.  Prematurity and Serious Medical Illness in Infancy: Implications for Development , Behavior and Intervention. in Handbook of Infant Mental Health. Zeanah, C.H. (ed.). The Guilford Press, 2000. pp. 176-194
 
or

Mayes, L.C. The Assessment and Treatment of the Psychiatric Needs of Medically Compromised Infants. Consultations With Preterm Infants and Their Families.  in :Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America. 1995. Vol. 4. No. 3. pp. 555-570

or

Maldonado-Durán, J.M., González-Cabello, H., Cárdenas-Zetina,  E., Sauceda-Garcia, J.M., Jasso-Gutiérrez, L. (1993). Psiquiatria de enlace en la unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales ( Consultation liaison psychiatry in a neonatal intensive care unit.). Boletín Médico del Hospital Infantil de México. 50.No.10. 754-759
 

Session  29.  April 11, 2000
INFANT MENTAL HEALTH INTERVENTIONS DURING PREGNANCY

Objectives

Suggested reading

Maldonado-Duran, J.M.,  Lartigue, T.,  Feintuch, M.  Infant Mental Health Interventions during pregnancy. Unpublished manuscript * submitted. To be distributed.

Or

Stern, N. B. Early Emotional Care for Mothers and Infants.Pediatrics 1998 Vol. 102: 1278
 

Session 30.  April 1, 2000
POSTPARTUM  DISORDERS AND  PUERPERAL PSYCHOSIS
EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES
1) Describe epidemiological  risk for postpartum depression
2) Identify effects of postpartum depression in infants and young children
3) Describe the features and effects of other conditions, e.g.  postpartum  psychosis

Suggested  Reading

Channi Kumar R.,  Hipwell A. E.. Implicatons for the Infant of Maternal   Puerperal  Psychiatric Disorders. Chapter 44 in . Rutter M. , Taylor E., and Hersov L, eds, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 3rd Ed. Blackwell Scientific Publications.  1994 . pp. 759-775
 

Session  31. April 25, 2000
GENDER   DYSPHORIA IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN

EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES
1) Describe  the normal development of  gender identity
2)  Identify  the factors associated with disturbance in identity
3) Clarify the clinical features of these disorders

Green, Richard. Atypical Psychosexual Development.  Chapter 43 in. Rutter, M., Taylor E., Hersov, L., eds. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Blackwell Scientific Publications. 1994. pp. 749-758

or

Zucker, K.J., Green,R. Psychological and familial  aspects of gender identity disorder. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of  North America. 1993. Vol. 2. 512-42

or
 
Golombok, S., Rust, J. The Measurement of Gender Role Behaviour in Pre-SchoolChildren:  Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. Vol 34. No. 5. 1993. pp- 805-811.
 

Session 32. May 2, 2000
INFANT MENTAL HEALTH  IN MULTIPROBLEM FAMILIES.
EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES
1) Define the nature of multiproblem families
2) Identify  priorities in working with multiproblem families
3) Enumeate different intervention strategies with these families

Stoleru, S., Morales-Huet, M. (1989)  Psychothérapies  Mere-nourrison Dans les Familles a Problemes Multiples.Chapter II.  Cadre Clinique.Techniques Psychothérapiques. Presses Universitaires de France. 37-88

Greenspan, S.L., Wieder, S., Lieberman, A., Nover, R., Lourie, R., Robinson, M. (1987) Infants in Multirisk Families. Case Studies in Preventive Intervention.  Madison,CT. International Universities Press. Chapters 1 and 2
 

Session 33. May 9, 20000
TEENAGE PARENTING

EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES
1) Describe epidemiological featues of  teenage pregnancy
2) Describe the positive and problematic features of teenage parenthood
3) Identify  techniques or strategies to alleviate  the risk situations

 Suggested reading.

 Freiberg, S.   The Adolescent Mother and Her Infant.  in. Selected Writings of         Selma Freiberg.  Ohio University Press.1987. pp.166-182.

or

Coles, R. The youngest parents.  Teenage pregnancy as it shapes lives. 1997. New York. Double Take Norton. 1-36
 

Session 34. May 16, 1999
TRANSCULTURAL INFANT MENTAL HEALTH
EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES
1) Identify main differences between traditional and modern cultures
2) Define  folk beliefs about infants in the context of the culture
3) Describe methods of working with alternative health beliefs.

Ilechukwu, Sunny. (1992). Obganje( Abiku): A Culture Bound Construct for Coping with High Infant Mortality in Nigeria. in: Grizenko, N., Sayegh, L.,  Migneault, P. Transcultural Issues in Child Psychiatry. Editions Douglas.pp. 87-108.

or

Gatrad,A.R. (1994) Attitudes and Beliefs of Muslim Mothers Towards Pregnancy and Infancy.  Archives of Disease in Childhood. Vol . 71. pp. 170-174.

or

Garcia Coll, C.T., Meyer,E.C.,  Brillon, L. (1995) Ethnic and Minority Parenting. In:Bornstein, M. (ed.). Handbook of Parenting. Vol. 2. Biology and Ecology of Parenting. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers. 189-210.
 

Session 35. May 23, 2000.

RESILIENCE IN INFANTS AND YOUNG CHILDREN.  PATHWAYS FROM CHILDHOOD TO ADULTHOOD.

EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES
1) Identify main components of resilience in young children
2) Describe the empirical evidence for the existence of resilient children
3) Describe methods to enhance coping  in the face of stress

Werner, E. E. ( 1990) Protective Factors and Individual Resilience.  In: Meisels, S.J., and Shonkoff, J.P. (eds.). Handbook of  Early Childhood Intervention. Cambridge University Press. pp. 97-116
 
 

PREVENTION  OF DISTURBANCES FOR INFANTS AND YOUNG CHILDREN

EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES
1) Identify the need for prevention and early intervention as prevention
2) Describe studies that have studied its efficacy
3) Define  situations where intervention has proved useful

Upshur, C.C. ( 1990)  Early Intervention as Preventive Intervention.   In: Meisels, S.J., and Shonkoff, J.P. (eds.). Handbook of  Early Childhood Intervention. Cambridge University Press. pp .633-650
or

Beckwith, L., Sigman, M.D. (1995) Preventive Interventions in Infancy. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America. Vol. 4. No.3. pp. 683-700.

or

MacMillan, H.L., MacMillan, J.H. , Offord, D.R., Griffith,L, MacMillan, A. ( 1994 ). Primary Preventionof Child Physical Abuse and Neglect. A Critical Review. Part 1. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. Vol. 35. No. 5. pp. 835-874.
 

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