US-Mexico Border study of adolescents (Pumariega et al, 1992)
4000 adolescents, 11 to 18 years old
Rates of depression and distress (Panamerican Youth Inventory and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depressive Scale)
Rate of drug abuse was 4x higher in US born adolescents (21% vs 5%)
Higher levels of distress and suicidal ideation in US born teenagers.